рдмाрдпो рдоेрдбिрдХрд▓ рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░िंрдЧ рдоें рдХрд░िрдпрд░
Career in Bio Medical Engineering
With increasing health consciousness in India, biomedical engineering is becoming one of the most important and sought after careers. Biomedical engineers collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment or appliances that can solve clinical problems.
What type of skill do you need to become a biomedical engineer?
This rare combination of healthcare and engineering involves the application of engineering principles to make healthcare solutions and usually concerns with the development and design of a medical product.
Biomedical engineers not only make tools and equipment but are also used in computer systems and software health care.
Some key skills for which an interested person requires careful measurement and analytical skills, a good eye for design, attention to detail, ability to sympathize with patients and ultimately communication and team-working skills.
Scope of Biomedical Engineering
Biomedical Engineering is one of the hottest careers these days. The opening of insurance sector has indirectly helped the health service industry. Looking forward to high quality medical care, which will be provided to millions of Indians, there is a constant demand for biomedical engineers in India. The use of combination of medicines with cutting-edge technology is increasing in the treatment of diseases. More and more doctors are using computers and other equipment such as MRI scan sonography devices etc. So if you are good at biology and in mathematics and physics, then biomedical engineering is right for you. To develop biomedical engineered products and equipments, apply the biology of physics and chemistry as well as those used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
The biomedical engineer has many roles. He works in biomedical engineering and other centers like hospitals, health service organizations and academic places.
They design systems that assist in monitoring the patient during hospital care. They can develop systems to monitor health care for any general patient.
· They produce biosensor to measure sodium and pH in the blood.
They design tools for treatment, for example, equipment for eye surgery.
They decide strategies for clinical research, based on the data obtained through AI.
They design diagnostic laboratories and various units within hospitals and provide them with a medical or treatment delivery system using new engineering techniques.
· They design, construct and research about the medical imaging system based on X-ray, electromagnetic fields, ultrasound or more novel findings.
· They make mathematical models for physical systems.
Biomedical engineers work with doctors, nurses, doctors and other health care professionals, including technicians. There are different areas of expertise in the field of biomedical engineering.
Clinical Engineering-
Includes the development and maintenance of a computer database of medical devices and equipment records in hospitals.
Tissue engineering-
In order to develop the tissue options to restore, maintain or improve the function of the damaged human tissue, it has been included in the implementation of the principles of biology and engineering.
Cellular and genetic engineering-
Invites you to see and develop medical problems at the micro level to deliver medicines at the exact locations to promote treatment and prevent diseases.
Rehabilitation Engineering-
Rehabilitation engineers increase capabilities and improve the quality of life for those with physical impairment. They are involved in the development of home, workplace and transport modifications, like motorized wheelchairs, which increase seating, positioning and mobility for people with physical disabilities.
Biomechanics-
Invites mechanisms to apply for biological or medical problems. They study the body fluids such as blood flow.
Bio Instrumentation-
It is an application of electronics and measurement techniques to develop tools used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Biomedical engineers are involved in making new and better means which can be seen through the body such as X-rays, MRI etc.
Orthopedic Engineering-
Invites the use of engineering to understand the work of bones, joints and muscles and to design artificial joint replacement. Orthopedic bio-engineers analyze the friction, lubrication and wear and tear of natural joints to develop artificial organs, which are good in the form of the real thing.
In India, the biomedical engineering area is broadly divided into 3 groups:
Sales, servicing and maintenance
Biomedical engineers in hospitals
Research and development in health care units.
Sales, servicing and maintenance profile sales of equipment, equipment and equipment used in hospitals
Sales, Servicing and Maintenance profile deals with the sales and servicing of devices, equipments and instruments used at hospitals. This primarily includes ECG, USG, ESU, syringe and infusion pumps, ventilators, defibrillators, anesthesia machines, x-ray units, CR-DR units, etc. Well established biomedical companies undergo sales and servicing of other important machines like CT scanners, MRI scanners, PET-CT scanners, CathLab units, etc.
What type of skill do you need to become a biomedical engineer?
This rare combination of healthcare and engineering involves the application of engineering principles to make healthcare solutions and usually concerns with the development and design of a medical product.
Biomedical engineers not only make tools and equipment but are also used in computer systems and software health care.
Some key skills for which an interested person requires careful measurement and analytical skills, a good eye for design, attention to detail, ability to sympathize with patients and ultimately communication and team-working skills.
Scope of Biomedical Engineering
Biomedical Engineering is one of the hottest careers these days. The opening of insurance sector has indirectly helped the health service industry. Looking forward to high quality medical care, which will be provided to millions of Indians, there is a constant demand for biomedical engineers in India. The use of combination of medicines with cutting-edge technology is increasing in the treatment of diseases. More and more doctors are using computers and other equipment such as MRI scan sonography devices etc. So if you are good at biology and in mathematics and physics, then biomedical engineering is right for you. To develop biomedical engineered products and equipments, apply the biology of physics and chemistry as well as those used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
The biomedical engineer has many roles. He works in biomedical engineering and other centers like hospitals, health service organizations and academic places.
They design systems that assist in monitoring the patient during hospital care. They can develop systems to monitor health care for any general patient.
· They produce biosensor to measure sodium and pH in the blood.
They design tools for treatment, for example, equipment for eye surgery.
They decide strategies for clinical research, based on the data obtained through AI.
They design diagnostic laboratories and various units within hospitals and provide them with a medical or treatment delivery system using new engineering techniques.
· They design, construct and research about the medical imaging system based on X-ray, electromagnetic fields, ultrasound or more novel findings.
· They make mathematical models for physical systems.
Biomedical engineers work with doctors, nurses, doctors and other health care professionals, including technicians. There are different areas of expertise in the field of biomedical engineering.
Clinical Engineering-
Includes the development and maintenance of a computer database of medical devices and equipment records in hospitals.
Tissue engineering-
In order to develop the tissue options to restore, maintain or improve the function of the damaged human tissue, it has been included in the implementation of the principles of biology and engineering.
Cellular and genetic engineering-
Invites you to see and develop medical problems at the micro level to deliver medicines at the exact locations to promote treatment and prevent diseases.
Rehabilitation Engineering-
Rehabilitation engineers increase capabilities and improve the quality of life for those with physical impairment. They are involved in the development of home, workplace and transport modifications, like motorized wheelchairs, which increase seating, positioning and mobility for people with physical disabilities.
Biomechanics-
Invites mechanisms to apply for biological or medical problems. They study the body fluids such as blood flow.
Bio Instrumentation-
It is an application of electronics and measurement techniques to develop tools used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Biomedical engineers are involved in making new and better means which can be seen through the body such as X-rays, MRI etc.
Orthopedic Engineering-
Invites the use of engineering to understand the work of bones, joints and muscles and to design artificial joint replacement. Orthopedic bio-engineers analyze the friction, lubrication and wear and tear of natural joints to develop artificial organs, which are good in the form of the real thing.
In India, the biomedical engineering area is broadly divided into 3 groups:
Sales, servicing and maintenance
Biomedical engineers in hospitals
Research and development in health care units.
Sales, servicing and maintenance profile sales of equipment, equipment and equipment used in hospitals
Sales, Servicing and Maintenance profile deals with the sales and servicing of devices, equipments and instruments used at hospitals. This primarily includes ECG, USG, ESU, syringe and infusion pumps, ventilators, defibrillators, anesthesia machines, x-ray units, CR-DR units, etc. Well established biomedical companies undergo sales and servicing of other important machines like CT scanners, MRI scanners, PET-CT scanners, CathLab units, etc.
Once sold, these machines obviously have to be calibrated and maintained very often to prevent unexpected breakdowns. So that extends the role as Maintenance Engineer and Field Service Engineer. This profile also extends as Application Specialist where the Biomedical Engineer gets to interact with primary healthcare professionals like doctors and nurses, to explain them and take seminars on the working of medical instruments once they are installed in the hospital.
This offers an ocean of knowledge to acquire and work practically with all that has been studied in UG. This includes travelling around India frequently to client sites thus getting more exposure.
Usually, students after their UG (B.E or B.Tech) want to work immediately at big companies like GE, Philips, etc. But that is not the case anyways. It is wise to work for a minimum of 1–2 years at smaller companies and gather all knowledge and professional contacts, then approach big companies. Similarly, these smaller companies too prefer freshers (0 year experience) UG biomedical engineers than PG engineers. This is mainly because the companies have to pay less for UG engineers than PG engineers and also due to the fact that UG engineers have an utmost need and urge to get a job (money), they tend to work more actively than others.
Biomedical Engineer at hospitals
This is the exact role for which the students have studied all their years. As a biomedical engineer at hospitals, engineers work round the clock by performing daily calibration of devices in all the departments in the hospital, attend to breakdown calls, schedule routine checks and maintenance of instruments and call the company service engineers accordingly, generate audit reports, planning of a department in the hospital, biomedical waste management, etc.
This too opens up an ocean of practical knowledge and professional contacts with doctors, healthcare providers and research scientists that help while undergoing a leap or change in career fields.
Research and Development
Biomedical engineers play a crucial role in developing technologies that help both the rich and needy. Biomedical engineers as Research scientists work in close relationship with doctors and understand their need regarding a particular issue (eg. Image processing techniques to improve medical images for better diagnosis) and develop solutions for those real world problems.
Big companies like GE, Philips, etc constantly indulge themselves in Research and development, especially in imagers and scanners, to improve the quality of service and ease of use to technicians.
Teaching
One thing that is not listed as a career option, because very few people get into teaching directly after their UG. Many people get into teaching at institutes and colleges only when they accept their unsuccessful career at the other fields. But, there are a few who get into higher studies (M.Tech, M.S., PhD ) right after their UG, just to become professors and share all that they have gathered down the years. Nowadays, many companies encourage their employees to complete PhD and get into research for their organizations.
And it is obvious fact that, as more and more students get into biomedical engineering, there is a never ending need for quality professors and researches.
- After doing Biomedical Engineering, you can be employed in some MNC's as Sales, Service and Application Specialists.
- You can work as a Research Engineer as well in some OEM Manufacturing Companies
- You can work as a Biomedical Engineer in the Hospitals
- You can pursue Masters from any of the IIT's, IIT Bombay.
Courses in biomedical engineering- Many colleges in India, offer undergraduate, postgraduate & doctoral degree in Biomedical Engineering.
Top 10 colleges in India for Bio Medical Engineering –
· The Central University of Karnataka (CUK), Gulbarga
· IT-BHU
· VIT University- Vellore Institute of Technology
· SRM University - in Kattankulathur, under Anna University
· IIT Roorkee
· Netaji Subhash Engineering College (NSEC), Kolkata:
· MIT, Manipal:
· Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay:
· Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi:
· AIIMS, Delhi:
Grishma Vijay (MBA)
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рдмाрдпो рдоेрдбिрдХрд▓ рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░िंрдЧ рдоें рдХрд░िрдпрд░
рднाрд░рдд рдоें рдмрдв़рддी рд╕्рд╡ाрд╕्рде्рдп рдЪेрддрдиा рдХे рд╕ाрде, рдмाрдпोрдоेрдбिрдХрд▓ рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░िंрдЧ рд╕рдмрд╕े рдорд╣рдд्рд╡рдкूрд░्рдг рдФрд░ рдоांрдЧ рдХे рдмाрдж рдХैрд░िрдпрд░ рдоें рд╕े рдПрдХ рдмрди рд░рд╣ा рд╣ै। рдмाрдпोрдоेрдбिрдХрд▓ рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░ рдЪिрдХिрдд्рд╕ा рдк्рд░рдгाрд▓िрдпों, рдЙрдкрдХрд░рдгों рдпा рдЙрдкрдХрд░рдгों рдХो рд╡िрдХрд╕िрдд рдХрд░рдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рдбॉрдХ्рдЯрд░ों рдФрд░ рд╢ोрдзрдХрд░्рддाрдУं рдХे рд╕ाрде рд╕рд╣рдпोрдЧ рдХрд░рддे рд╣ैं рдЬो рдиैрджाрдиिрдХ рд╕рдорд╕्рдпाрдУं рдХो рд╣рд▓ рдХрд░ рд╕рдХрддे рд╣ैं।
рдмाрдпोрдоेрдбिрдХрд▓ рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░ рдмрдирдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рдЖрдкрдХो рдХिрд╕ рддрд░рд╣ рдХे рдХौрд╢рд▓ рдХी рдЖрд╡рд╢्рдпрдХрддा рд╣ै?
рд╣ेрд▓्рдердХेрдпрд░ рдФрд░ рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░िंрдЧ рдХे рдЗрд╕ рджुрд░्рд▓рдн рд╕ंрдпोрдЬрди рдоें рд╣ेрд▓्рдердХेрдпрд░ рдХे рд╕рдоाрдзाрди рдмрдиाрдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░िंрдЧ рд╕िрдж्рдзांрддों рдХा рдЕрдиुрдк्рд░рдпोрдЧ рд╢ाрдоिрд▓ рд╣ै рдФрд░ рдЖрдорддौрд░ рдкрд░ рдПрдХ рдЪिрдХिрдд्рд╕ा рдЙрдд्рдкाрдж рдХे рд╡िрдХाрд╕ рдФрд░ рдбिрдЬाрдЗрди рдХे рд╕ाрде рдЪिंрддा рд╣ोрддी рд╣ै।
рдмाрдпोрдоेрдбिрдХрд▓ рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░ рди рдХेрд╡рд▓ рдЙрдкрдХрд░рдг рдФрд░ рдЙрдкрдХрд░рдг рдмрдиाрддे рд╣ैं, рдмрд▓्рдХि рдХंрдк्рдпूрдЯрд░ рд╕िрд╕्рдЯрдо рдФрд░ рд╕ॉрдл़्рдЯрд╡ेрдпрд░ рд╕्рд╡ाрд╕्рде्рдп рджेрдЦрднाрд▓ рдоें рднी рдЙрдкрдпोрдЧ рдХिрдП рдЬाрддे рд╣ैं।
рдХुрдЫ рдк्рд░рдоुрдЦ рдХौрд╢рд▓ рдЬिрдирдХे рд▓िрдП рдПрдХ рдЗрдЪ्рдЫुрдХ рд╡्рдпрдХ्рддि рдХो рд╕ाрд╡рдзाрдиीрдкूрд░्рд╡рдХ рдоाрдк рдФрд░ рд╡िрд╢्рд▓ेрд╖рдгाрдд्рдордХ рдХौрд╢рд▓ рдХी рдЖрд╡рд╢्рдпрдХрддा рд╣ोрддी рд╣ै, рдбिрдЬाрдЗрди рдХे рд▓िрдП рдПрдХ рдЕрдЪ्рдЫी рдЖंрдЦ, рд╡िрд╕्рддाрд░ рдкрд░ рдз्рдпाрди, рд░ोрдЧिрдпों рдХे рд╕ाрде рд╕рд╣ाрдиुрднूрддि рд░рдЦрдиे рдХी рдХ्рд╖рдорддा рдФрд░ рдЕंрддिрдо рд░ूрдк рд╕े рд╕ंрдЪाрд░ рдФрд░ рдЯीрдо-рд╡рд░्рдХिंрдЧ рдХौрд╢рд▓।
рдмाрдпोрдоेрдбिрдХрд▓ рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░िंрдЧ рдХा рд╕्рдХोрдк
рдмाрдпोрдоेрдбिрдХрд▓ рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░िंрдЧ рдЗрди рджिрдиों рд╕рдмрд╕े рд╣ॉрдЯ рдХрд░िрдпрд░ рдоें рд╕े рдПрдХ рд╣ै। рдмीрдоा рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░ рдХे рдЦुрд▓рдиे рд╕े рдЕрдк्рд░рдд्рдпрдХ्рд╖ рд░ूрдк рд╕े рд╕्рд╡ाрд╕्рде्рдп рд╕ेрд╡ा рдЙрдж्рдпोрдЧ рдХो рдорджрдж рдоिрд▓ी рд╣ै। рдЙрдЪ्рдЪ рдЧुрдгрд╡рдд्рддा рд╡ाрд▓ी рдЪिрдХिрдд्рд╕ा рджेрдЦрднाрд▓ рдХी рдЖрд╢ा рдХрд░рддे рд╣ुрдП, рдЬो рд▓ाрдЦों рднाрд░рддीрдпों рдХो рдЙрдкрд▓рдм्рдз рдХрд░ाрдИ рдЬाрдПрдЧी, рднाрд░рдд рдоें рдЬैрд╡ рдЪिрдХिрдд्рд╕ा рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░ों рдХी рд▓рдЧाрддाрд░ рдоांрдЧ рд░рд╣ी рд╣ै। рд░ोрдЧों рдХे рдЙрдкрдЪाрд░ рдоें рдЕрдд्рдпाрдзुрдиिрдХ рддрдХрдиीрдХ рдХे рд╕ाрде рджрд╡ा рдХे рд╕ंрдпोрдЬрди рдХा рдЙрдкрдпोрдЧ рдмрдв़ рд░рд╣ा рд╣ै। рдЕрдзिрдХ рд╕े рдЕрдзिрдХ рдбॉрдХ्рдЯрд░ рдХंрдк्рдпूрдЯрд░ рдФрд░ рдЕрди्рдп рдЙрдкрдХрд░рдгों рдЬैрд╕े рдПрдордЖрд░рдЖрдИ рд╕्рдХैрди рд╕ोрдиोрдЧ्рд░ाрдлी рдЙрдкрдХрд░рдгों рдЖрджि рдХा рдЙрдкрдпोрдЧ рдХрд░ рд░рд╣े рд╣ैं, рдЗрд╕рд▓िрдП рдпрджि рдЖрдк рдЬीрд╡ рд╡िрдЬ्рдЮाрди рдХे рд╕ाрде-рд╕ाрде рдЧрдгिрдд рдФрд░ рднौрддिрдХी рдоें рдЕрдЪ्рдЫे рд╣ैं, рддो рдмाрдпोрдоेрдбिрдХрд▓ рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░िंрдЧ рдЖрдкрдХे рд▓िрдП рд╕рд╣ी рд╣ै। рдмाрдпोрдоेрдбिрдХрд▓ рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░ рдЙрдд्рдкाрджों рдФрд░ рдЙрдкрдХрд░рдгों рдХो рд╡िрдХрд╕िрдд рдХрд░рдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рдЬीрд╡ рд╡िрдЬ्рдЮाрди рдХे рд╕ाрде-рд╕ाрде рднौрддिрдХी рдФрд░ рд░рд╕ाрдпрди рд╡िрдЬ्рдЮाрди рдХी рдЕрд╡рдзाрд░рдгाрдУं рдХो рд▓ाрдЧू рдХрд░рддे рд╣ैं рдЬो рд░ोрдЧों рдХे рдиिрджाрди рдФрд░ рдЙрдкрдЪाрд░ рдоें рдЙрдкрдпोрдЧ рдХिрдП рдЬाрддे рд╣ैं।
рдмाрдпोрдоेрдбिрдХрд▓ рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░ рдХी рдХрдИ рднूрдоिрдХाрдПँ рд╣ोрддी рд╣ैं। рд╡े рдмाрдпोрдоेрдбिрдХрд▓ рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░िंрдЧ рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░ рдФрд░ рдЕрд╕्рдкрддाрд▓ों, рд╕्рд╡ाрд╕्рде्рдп рд╕ेрд╡ा рд╕ंрдЧрдардиों рдФрд░ рд╢ैрдХ्рд╖рдгिрдХ рд╕्рдеाрдиों рдЬैрд╕े рдЕрди्рдп рдХेंрдж्рд░ों рдоें рдХाрдо рдХрд░рддे рд╣ैं।
· рд╡े рдЙрди рдк्рд░рдгाрд▓िрдпों рдХो рдбिрдЬ़ाрдЗрди рдХрд░рддे рд╣ैं рдЬो рдЕрд╕्рдкрддाрд▓ рдХी рджेрдЦрднाрд▓ рдХे рджौрд░ाрди рд░ोрдЧी рдХी рдиिрдЧрд░ाрдиी рдоें рд╕рд╣ाрдпрддा рдХрд░рддी рд╣ैं। рд╡े рдХिрд╕ी рднी рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рд░ोрдЧी рдХे рд▓िрдП рд╕्рд╡ाрд╕्рде्рдп рджेрдЦрднाрд▓ рдХी рдиिрдЧрд░ाрдиी рдХे рд▓िрдП рд╕िрд╕्рдЯрдо рд╡िрдХрд╕िрдд рдХрд░ рд╕рдХрддे рд╣ैं।
· рд╡े рд░рдХ्рдд рдоें рд╕ोрдбिрдпрдо рдФрд░ рдкीрдПрдЪ рдХो рдоाрдкрдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рдмाрдпोрд╕ेंрд╕рд░ рдХा рдиिрд░्рдоाрдг рдХрд░рддे рд╣ैं।
рд╡े рдЙрдкрдЪाрд░ рдХे рд▓िрдП рдЙрдкрдХрд░рдг рдбिрдЬाрдЗрди рдХрд░рддे рд╣ैं, рдЙрджाрд╣рд░рдг рдХे рд▓िрдП, рдиेрдд्рд░ рд╢рд▓्рдп рдЪिрдХिрдд्рд╕ा рдХे рд▓िрдП рдЙрдкрдХрд░рдг।
рд╡े рдПрдЖрдИ рдХे рдоाрдз्рдпрдо рд╕े рдк्рд░ाрдк्рдд рдЖंрдХрдб़ों рдХे рдЖрдзाрд░ рдкрд░, рдиैрджाрдиिрдХ рдЕрдиुрд╕ंрдзाрди рдХे рд▓िрдП рд░рдгрдиीрддि рддрдп рдХрд░рддे рд╣ैं।
рд╡े рдЕрд╕्рдкрддाрд▓ों рдХे рднीрддрд░ рдиैрджाрдиिрдХ рдк्рд░рдпोрдЧрд╢ाрд▓ाрдУं рдФрд░ рд╡िрднिрди्рди рдЗрдХाрдЗрдпों рдХो рдбिрдЬाрдЗрди рдХрд░рддे рд╣ैं рдФрд░ рдЙрди्рд╣ें рдирдИ рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░िंрдЧ рддрдХрдиीрдХों рдХा рдЙрдкрдпोрдЧ рдХрд░рддे рд╣ुрдП рдЪिрдХिрдд्рд╕ा рдпा рдЙрдкрдЪाрд░ рд╡िрддрд░рдг рдк्рд░рдгाрд▓ी рдк्рд░рджाрди рдХрд░рддे рд╣ैं।
· рд╡े рдПрдХ्рд╕-рд░े, рдЗрд▓ेрдХ्рдЯ्рд░ोрдоैрдЧ्рдиेрдЯिрдХ рдлीрд▓्рдб्рд╕, рдЕрд▓्рдЯ्рд░ाрд╕ाрдЙंрдб рдпा рдЕрдзिрдХ рдЙрдкрди्рдпाрд╕ рдиिрд╖्рдХрд░्рд╖ों рдХे рдЖрдзाрд░ рдкрд░ рдоेрдбिрдХрд▓ рдЗрдоेрдЬिंрдЧ рд╕िрд╕्рдЯрдо рдХे рдмाрд░े рдоें рдбिрдЬाрдЗрди, рдиिрд░्рдоाрдг рдФрд░ рд╢ोрдз рдХрд░рддे рд╣ैं।
· рд╡े рд╢ाрд░ीрд░िрдХ рдк्рд░рдгाрд▓िрдпों рдХे рд▓िрдП рдЧрдгिрддीрдп рдоॉрдбрд▓ рдмрдиाрддे рд╣ैं।
рдмाрдпोрдоेрдбिрдХрд▓ рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░ рдЪिрдХिрдд्рд╕рдХों, рдирд░्рд╕ों, рдЪिрдХिрдд्рд╕рдХों рдФрд░ рддрдХрдиीрд╢िрдпрдиों рд╕рд╣िрдд рдЕрди्рдп рд╕्рд╡ाрд╕्рде्рдп рджेрдЦрднाрд▓ рдкेрд╢ेрд╡рд░ों рдХे рд╕ाрде рдХाрдо рдХрд░рддे рд╣ैं। рдЗрд╕ рддрд░рд╣ рдХे рдмाрдпोрдоेрдбिрдХрд▓ рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░िंрдЧ рдХे рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░ рдоें рд╡िрд╢ेрд╖рдЬ्рдЮрддा рдХे рд╡िрднिрди्рди рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░ рд╣ैं: -
рдХ्рд▓िрдиिрдХрд▓ рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░िंрдЧ-
рдЕрд╕्рдкрддाрд▓ों рдоें рдЪिрдХिрдд्рд╕ा рдЙрдкрдХрд░рдгों рдФрд░ рдЙрдкрдХрд░рдгों рдХे рд░िрдХॉрд░्рдб рдХे рдХंрдк्рдпूрдЯрд░ рдбेрдЯाрдмेрд╕ рдХे рд╡िрдХाрд╕ рдФрд░ рд░рдЦрд░рдЦाрд╡ рдХो рд╢ाрдоिрд▓ рдХрд░рддा рд╣ै।
рдКрддрдХ рдЕрднिрдпांрдд्рд░िрдХी-
рдХ्рд╖рддिрдЧ्рд░рд╕्рдд рдоाрдирд╡ рдКрддрдХों рдХे рд░ोрдЧ рдХे рдХाрд░्рдпों рдХो рдмрд╣ाрд▓ рдХрд░рдиे, рдмрдиाрдП рд░рдЦрдиे рдпा рд╕ुрдзाрд░рдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рдКрддрдХ рдХे рд╡िрдХрд▓्рдк рд╡िрдХрд╕िрдд рдХрд░рдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рдЬीрд╡ рд╡िрдЬ्рдЮाрди рдФрд░ рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░िंрдЧ рдХे рд╕िрдж्рдзांрддों рдХो рд▓ाрдЧू рдХрд░рдиे рдоें рд╢ाрдоिрд▓ рдХिрдпा рдЧрдпा рд╣ै।
рд╕ेрд▓ुрд▓рд░ рдФрд░ рдЖрдиुрд╡ंрд╢िрдХ рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░िंрдЧ-
рдЙрдкрдЪाрд░ рдХो рдмрдв़ाрд╡ा рджेрдиे рдФрд░ рдмीрдоाрд░िрдпों рдХो рд░ोрдХрдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рд╕рдЯीрдХ рд╕्рдеाрдиों рдкрд░ рджрд╡ाрдЗрдпां рд╡िрддрд░िрдд рдХрд░рдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рд╕ूрдХ्рд╖्рдо рд╕्рддрд░ рдкрд░ рдЪिрдХिрдд्рд╕ा рд╕рдорд╕्рдпाрдУं рдХो рджेрдЦрдиे рдФрд░ рд╡िрдХрд╕िрдд рдХрд░рдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рдЖрдоंрдд्рд░िрдд рдХрд░рддा рд╣ै।
рдкुрдирд░्рд╡ाрд╕ рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░िंрдЧ-
рдкुрдирд░्рд╡ाрд╕ рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░ рдХ्рд╖рдорддाрдУं рдХो рдмрдв़ाрддे рд╣ैं рдФрд░ рд╢ाрд░ीрд░िрдХ рд╣ाрдиि рд╡ाрд▓े рд╡्рдпрдХ्рддिрдпों рдХे рд▓िрдП рдЬीрд╡рди рдХी рдЧुрдгрд╡рдд्рддा рдоें рд╕ुрдзाрд░ рдХрд░рддे рд╣ैं। рд╡े рдоोрдЯрд░ рдЪाрд▓िрдд рд╡्рд╣ीрд▓рдЪेрдпрд░ рдХी рддрд░рд╣ рдШрд░, рдХाрд░्рдпрд╕्рдерд▓ рдФрд░ рдкрд░िрд╡рд╣рди рд╕ंрд╢ोрдзрдиों рдХे рд╡िрдХाрд╕ рдоें рд╢ाрдоिрд▓ рд╣ैं рдЬो рд╢ाрд░ीрд░िрдХ рд╡िрдХрд▓ांрдЧ рд▓ोрдЧों рдХे рд▓िрдП рдмैрдардиे, рд╕्рдеिрддि рдФрд░ рдЧрддिрд╢ीрд▓рддा рдХो рдмрдв़ाрддे рд╣ैं।
Biomechanics-
рдЬैрд╡िрдХ рдпा рдЪिрдХिрдд्рд╕ा рд╕рдорд╕्рдпाрдУं рдХे рд▓िрдП рдпांрдд्рд░िрдХी рд▓ाрдЧू рдХрд░рдиे рдХा рдЖрд╣्рд╡ाрди рдХрд░рддा рд╣ै। рд╡े рд╢рд░ीрд░ рдХे рддрд░рд▓ рдкрджाрд░्рде рдЬैрд╕े рд░рдХ्рдд рдХे рдк्рд░рд╡ाрд╣ рдХा рдЕрдз्рдпрдпрди рдХрд░рддे рд╣ैं।
рдмाрдпो рдЗंрд╕्рдЯ्рд░ूрдоेंрдЯेрд╢рди-
рдпрд╣ рд░ोрдЧों рдХे рдиिрджाрди рдФрд░ рдЙрдкрдЪाрд░ рдоें рдЙрдкрдпोрдЧ рдХिрдП рдЬाрдиे рд╡ाрд▓े рдЙрдкрдХрд░рдгों рдХो рд╡िрдХрд╕िрдд рдХрд░рдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рдЗрд▓ेрдХ्рдЯ्рд░ॉрдиिрдХ्рд╕ рдФрд░ рдоाрдк рддрдХрдиीрдХ рдХा рдЕрдиुрдк्рд░рдпोрдЧ рд╣ै। рдмाрдпोрдоेрдбिрдХрд▓ рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░ рдирдП рдФрд░ рдмेрд╣рддрд░ рд╕ाрдзрди рдмрдиाрдиे рдоें рд╢ाрдоिрд▓ рд╣ैं рдЬो рд╢рд░ीрд░ рдХे рдоाрдз्рдпрдо рд╕े рджेрдЦ рд╕рдХрддे рд╣ैं рдЬैрд╕े рдХि рдПрдХ्рд╕ рд░े, рдПрдордЖрд░рдЖрдИ рдЖрджि।
рд╣рдб्рдбी рд░ोрдЧ рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░िंрдЧ-
рд╣рдб्рдбिрдпों, рдЬोрдб़ों рдФрд░ рдоांрд╕рдкेрд╢िрдпों рдХे рдХाрд░्рдп рдХी рд╕рдордЭ рдХे рд▓िрдП рдФрд░ рдХृрдд्рд░िрдо рд╕ंрдпुрдХ्рдд рдк्рд░рддिрд╕्рдеाрдкрди рдХे рдбिрдЬाрдЗрди рдХे рд▓िрдП рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░िंрдЧ рдХा рдЙрдкрдпोрдЧ рдХрд░рдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рдЖрдоंрдд्рд░िрдд рдХрд░рддा рд╣ै। рдЖрд░्рдеोрдкेрдбिрдХ рдмाрдпो рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░ рдХृрдд्рд░िрдо рдЕंрдЧों рдХो рд╡िрдХрд╕िрдд рдХрд░рдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рдк्рд░ाрдХृрддिрдХ рдЬोрдб़ों рдХे рдШрд░्рд╖рдг, рдЪिрдХрдиाрдИ рдФрд░ рдкрд╣рдирдиे рдФрд░ рдЖंрд╕ू рдХा рд╡िрд╢्рд▓ेрд╖рдг рдХрд░рддे рд╣ैं рдЬो рд╡ाрд╕्рддрд╡िрдХ рдЪीрдЬ рдХे рд░ूрдк рдоें рдЕрдЪ्рдЫा рд╣ै।
рднाрд░рдд рдоें рдмाрдпोрдоेрдбिрдХрд▓ рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░िंрдЧ рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░ рдХो рдоोрдЯे рддौрд░ рдкрд░ 3 рд╕рдоूрд╣ों рдоें рд╡िрднाрдЬिрдд рдХिрдпा рдЧрдпा рд╣ै:
рдмिрдХ्рд░ी, рд╕рд░्рд╡िрд╕िंрдЧ рдФрд░ рд░рдЦрд░рдЦाрд╡
рдЕрд╕्рдкрддाрд▓ों рдоें рдмाрдпोрдоेрдбिрдХрд▓ рдЗंрдЬीрдиिрдпрд░
рд╕्рд╡ाрд╕्рде्рдп рд╕ेрд╡ा рдЗрдХाрдЗрдпों рдоें рдЕрдиुрд╕ंрдзाрди рдФрд░ рд╡िрдХाрд╕।
рд╕ेрд▓्рд╕, рд╕рд░्рд╡िрд╕िंрдЧ рдФрд░ рд░рдЦрд░рдЦाрд╡ рдк्рд░ोрдл़ाрдЗрд▓ рдЕрд╕्рдкрддाрд▓ों рдоें рдЙрдкрдпोрдЧ рдХिрдП рдЬाрдиे рд╡ाрд▓े рдЙрдкрдХрд░рдгों, рдЙрдкрдХрд░рдгों рдФрд░ рдЙрдкрдХрд░рдгों рдХी рдмिрдХ्рд░ी рдФрд░ рд╕рд░्рд╡िрд╕िंрдЧ рд╕े рд╕ंрдмंрдзिрдд рд╣ै।

















